Tenses present

Tenses

(Sentences are arranged in order of time)

Kinds of tenses

1. Simple Present Tense 
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect
4. Present Perfect Continuous
5. Simple Past
6. Past Continuous
7. Past Perfect
8. Past Perfect Continuous
9. Simple Future
10. Future Continuous
11. Future Perfect
12. Future Perfect Continuous
13. Past Future
14. Past Future Continuous
15. Past Future Perfect
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous

                                                       PRESENT TENSE

Function and Pattern

1. Simple Present 

Function :

(Sentences that describe common events, habits, and general truths)

Pattern    :

(+) Subject + Verb 1 + Object or A.N.A + Time Signal

( - ) Subject + Do/Does + Not + Verb1 + Object or A.N.A + Time Signal

( ? ) Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Object or A.N.A + Time Signal?

Time signal:

always     generally    usually   often    ever    seldom   rarely    custenely    never    everyday

Note: Does for singular

          Do for Plural

Singular : He, She, It

Plural : I, You, They, We

ANA are Adjective, Noun, or Pronoun

If the subject is singular, you must add s/es in the verb 1. is added es if the verb is ended by letter hiss: o,ss,sh,ch,s, and x.

example: 

Singular subject

(+) Jimmy plays football

( - ) Jimmy doesn't play football (kata play tidak diberi s/es karena sudah terdapat does)

( ? ) Does Jimmy play football?

Plural

(+) The students study english in the class

( - ) The students do not study english in the class

( ? ) Do The students study english in the class?

2. Present Continuous

 Function:

( Sentences that describe the activity that is happening now)

Pattern:

( + ) Subject + tobe (am,is,are) + Verb ing + Object  or A.N.A+ Time signal

( - ) Subject + tobe (am, is, are) + Not + Verb ing + Object or A.N.A + Time signal 

( ? ) tobe + Subject + Verb ing + Object or A.N.A + Time signal? 

Time signal: now, at present, up to now, nowadays, today.

example :

( + ) Iam cooking fried rice now

( + ) Iam not cooking fried rice now

( ? ) am i cooking fried rice now? 

3. Present Perfect 

Function :  A sentence describing a recently completed or completed activity in a short time

Pattern : 

(+) Subject +  have/has + Verb 3 + Object + Time signal

( - ) Subject + have/has + not + verb 3 + object + time signal

( ? ) Have/has + subject + verb 3 + object + time signal?

Have for plural

Has for singular

Time signal: Just, already, just now

Example : 

( + ) The farmers have grown rice just now

( - ) The farmers have not grown rice just now

( ? ) Have the farmers grown rice just now?

4. Present Perfect Continuous

function :Sentences describing activities that began in the past and each are currently underway

Pattern :

( + ) Subject + Have/Has + been + Verb ing + Object + Time signal

( - ) Subject + Have/Has + not + been + Verb ing + Time signal

( ? ) Have/Has + Subject + been + verb ing + time signal?

Time signal : since, for, till, untill

example :

( + ) The  dog hass been bitting a meat since morning

( - ) The dog has not been bitting meat since morning

( ? ) Has the dog been bitting a meat since morning?